Source
The Universal Nut sheller in Uganda, 2005
The
Universal Nut Sheller (
UNS; formerly called the
Malian Peanut Sheller) is a simple hand-operated machine based on a Bulgarian Peanut sheller, capable of
shelling 50 kilograms (110 lb) of raw, sun-dried peanuts per hour.
It requires less than US$50 in materials to make, and is made of
concrete poured into two simple
fibreglass molds, some metal parts, one wrench and any piece of rock or wood that might serve as a hammer. It accepts a wide range of nut sizes without adjustment. If necessary, adjustment is quickly and easily done. It is estimated that one Universal Nut Sheller will serve the needs of a village of 2,000 people. The life expectancy of the machine is around 25 years.
Operation
Diagram of the shelling machine
Traditional shelling in developing countries is done by hand or by some form of mortar and pestle and thus requires a lot of labor.
With the UNS, the user loads the desired crop in the space at the top. The user turns the handle, which rotates the rotor continuously. This creates
centrifugal force, which pushes the nuts towards the gap at the exterior wall of the machine. There, the nuts are pulled down by gravity. As they descend, the width of the gap gradually narrows. The shell of each nut is broken at the point where the gap is sufficiently narrow and the rotor motion causes sufficient friction to crack open the shell. The tapered gap allows a range of nut sizes to be shelled. The kernels and shell fragments fall into a basket and are later separated by
winnowing. The device works best for
Jatropha curcas,
shea, dried
coffee, and
peanuts (ground nuts).
The
Full Belly Project has developed a
Pedal Powered Agricultural Processor which is easier to use than the hand crank type, and further decreases labor in developing countries.
[1] The Pedal Powered Agricultural Processor places the Universal Nut Sheller onto a pedaling chassis. In addition to the shelling method described, the pedaling apparatus is connected to a fan. The fan automatically winnows the harvest (separates the shells from the nuts). The pedal powered versions are capable of shelling the same variety of crops as the hand crank powered versions. The processor also provides access for the winnowing section to be used independently from the sheller. This allows winnowing of crops that are not shelled, such as
rice,
maize,
sorghum etc.
Applications
The Universal Nut Sheller was originally designed to shell peanuts as a way to add value to crops for women and children. Since its inception, the Universal Nut Sheller has been found to be extremely effective at shelling other lucrative crops such as
Jatropha curcas,
coffee and shea.
Wo bettet sich Waldi oder am liebsten? Natürlich auf dem Sofa im Wohnzimmer, wo er dann - je nach Jahreszeit - büschelweise Haare hinterläßt, damit Frauchen oder Herrchen auch etwas zum Staubsaugen haben. Zeit also, ein Hundesofa der Marke Eigenbau herzustellen. Unsere Hundesofa-Bauanleitung geht von einer "Ruhefläche" von etwa 80 cm aus. Das dürfte für kleine und mittelgroße Hunde allemale ausreichen. Besitzer von Bernhardinern und anderen kälbergroßen Hunden müssen natürlich unsere Maßangaben etwas vergrößern. 
